SafePave® Tests and Compliance

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE VALIDATION

Completed Testing

Internal validation testing has demonstrated all SafePave® ranges have:

• Residual load capability > 1.8kN

• effective crack containment of fractured tiles

• improved resistance to impact loading

• load distribution improvement – all systems

• stable bond performance under thermal and moisture exposure

3rd Party testing to ISO 10545 – 4, show tiles treated with the SPRT 300 had an average modulus of Rupture of 35.7 with no breakthrough. This is the weakest product in the range.

Property Standard Result

Peel adhesion to porcelain ASTM D3330 ≥ 8–25 N / 25 mm (product dependent)

Peel adhesion to GFRP ASTM D3330 ≥ 10 N / 25 mm

Initial tack Internal High wet-out on textured surfaces

Adhesion Performance

Shear Performance

Property Standard Result

Static shear @ 23°C ASTM D3654 ≥ 72 hours

Static shear @ 70°C ASTM D3654 ≥ 8-24 hours

These results confirm stable load transfer under sustained load conditions.

Property Standard Result

Compression stress @25% ASTM D3574 200–350 kPa

Compression set (70–80°C) ASTM D3574 ≤ 12–15%

Water absorption Internal ≤ 2%

Foam maintains dimensional stability and resists creep under service conditions.

Foam Core Performance (SSS / SSS-E systems)

Reinforcement Performance

Property Standard Result

Fibreglass tensile strength ASTM D5035 ≥ 800 N / 50 mm

Fibre strength Internal ≥ 1000 MPa

Environmental Resistance

Property Standard Result

Water immersion 7 Days No adhesive failure

Thermal cycling 20°C – 80°C No delamination

Elevated temperature 70 – 80°C No adhesive bleed or creep

Modulus of Rupture

Property Standard SPRT Result SSS Result SSS-E Result

Breaking Load F (kN) ISO 10545 – 4 9.84kN - no breakthrough

Breaking Strength S (kN) ISO 10545 – 4 9.49kN - no breakthrough
Modulus of Rupture R (MPa) ISO 10545 – 4 35.7 kN - no breakthrough

Additional Testing

A 25 x 25mm indenter was used to measure point load resistance to a control sample, then tiles from each product range. Additional 3rd party testing in progress.

Point Load Test

Product Crack Pressure Breakthrough Point Testing

Untreated Tile 4.08kN 4.08kN 3rd Party

SafePave® SPRT-300 7.54kN 9.87N - 20mm deflection 3rd Party

SafePave® SSS-GFRP 9.07kN Machine maximum. - No breakthrough Internal

SafePave® SSS-Elite 15.24kN Machine maximum. - No breakthrough Internal

Hard Body Impact Test - Using principles of EN 12825

A 100mm diameter steel ball weighing 5kg was dropped from varying heights to determine impact resistance.

To demonstrate breakthrough strength, the cracked tile treated with SRPT was jumped on (non-scientifically) by a 120kg man causing no breakthrough. A car was driven over cracked tiles from the SSS and SSS-E ranges with no breakthrough. A formal method for testing residual load is being adapted for use with pedestal tiles.

Product Impact Force required Result Increased Force Tested by to crack tile

Untreated Tile 14.07 J Catastrophic Failure. - Breakthrough 0 3rd Party

SafePave® SPRT-300 19.62 J Chipped Tile 24.52 J - No Breakthrough 3rd Party

SafePave® SSS-GFRP 19.62 J Chipped Tile 34.34 J - No Breakthrough Internal

SafePave® SSS-Elite 19.62 J Chipped Tile 39.24 J - No Breakthrough Internal

Residual Load Bearing Capacity

After cracking, the tile was placed on a test bed. A 25mm indenter was used and static load was gradually applied (1 kN/min) until failure or deflection exceeded 20 mm.

Acceptance Criteria

Classification Residual Load (kN) Description Product

Class R0 < 1.0 Unsafe – Not suitable post-failure Untreated Tile

Class R1 ≥ 1.0 - 1.7 Walk-off safe (light pedestrian) SPRT

Class R2 ≥ 1.8 - 2.9 Safe for emergency access SSS

Class R3 ≥ 3.0 Light service vehicle capable SSS-E

AS 1170.1 - Structural Load

• Relevance: Requires pavers to withstand 2.5 kPa imposed loads (e.g., foot traffic).

• Key Point: SafePave Bonded Reinforcement Matrix ensures "residual strength" post-cracking (Clause 4.5.3 on fracture control).

Type of Load Standard Requirement Control Tile SafePave™

Uniform distributed live load

2.5kpa (general floors)

Concentrated point load

1.8kn (public areas)

Fracture Control Compliance (AS 1170.1 Clauses 2.2 – 2.4 and 3.3.1)
Testing was undertaken to verify that the tile and SafePave composite system maintains structural integrity and robustness under concentrated and distributed loads as required by AS 1170.1.

Under a concentrated load of 1.8 kN (Table 3.1), no local failure or breakthrough occurred, satisfying the Serviceability Limit State (Clause 2.4).

When loaded beyond service conditions to 1.5 × design load, the assembly exhibited controlled cracking without rupture or collapse, fulfilling the Ultimate Limit State requirement of Clause 2.3.

The SafePave system therefore meets the intent of the fracture-control and robustness provisions of AS 1170.1 by providing post-fracture residual capacity and preventing sudden failure.